Propolis is thought to have antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Research suggests that these may translate to the following benefits:
Wounds
Propolis has a special compound called pinocembrin, a flavonoid that acts as an antifungal. These anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties make propolis helpful in treating wounds, such as burns.
One 2019 review also notes that propolis may help stimulate collagen production in the skin, which could further support wound healing.
Cold sores and genital herpes
Ointments that contain 3% propolis, such as Herstat or Coldsore-FX, may help speed healing time and reduce symptoms in both cold sores and sores from genital herpes.
One studyTrusted Source found when topical propolis was applied three times a day, it helped to heal cold sores faster than no treatment. The researchers found the propolis cream not only reduced the amount of herpes virus present in a person’s body, but also protected the body against future cold sore breakouts.
Oral health
Another 2021 review found that propolis may also help treat mouth and throat infections, as well as dental caries (cavities). Here, researchers suggest that the product’s antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects could potentially play a role in overall oral health care.
Cancer
Propolis has been suggested to have a role in treating certain cancers as well. According to one 2021 studyTrusted Source, propolis may:
- keep cancerous cells from multiplying
- reduce the likelihood cells will become cancerous
- block pathways that keep cancer cells from signaling to each other
- reduce side effects of certain cancer treatments, such chemotherapy and radiation therapy
Researchers also suggested that propolis could be a complementary therapy — but not a sole treatment — for cancer.
Chronic diseases
Research suggests that some of the anti-oxidative effects of propolis may have potential cardiovascular, neurological, and anti-diabetic benefits.
According to one 2019 review, polyphenol-rich foods and supplements like propolis may reduce the risk of high cholesterol, heart disease, and stroke.
The same review also noted that propolis may possibly possess neuroprotective effects against multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease, and dementia. Still, as with other purported benefits of propolis, more research is needed to confirm where such supplements may help prevent neurological disorders.
Additionally, a 2022 reviewTrusted Source suggests that propolis may also have implications in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. It’s thought that its flavonoids could potentially help control insulin release.
However, it’s unclear whether propolis alone could offer any of the above benefits, and if so, in what doses.
There’s not yet enough evidence to determine whether or not propolis products are safe, and they may cause side effects.
If you have an allergy to honey or bees, you’ll also likely have a reaction to products containing propolis. Propolis may also cause its own allergic reaction when used for a long time. Having pollen allergies may also increase your risk of an allergic reaction to propolis.
Talk with a doctor before adding propolis to your treatment plan, especially if you have existing allergies or asthma.
It’s also important to talk with a doctor if you’re currently taking any medications or other supplements besides propolis.
While one 2022 review discusses the potential enhancement of propolis when combined with certain drugs, such as those used to treat type 2 diabetes or cancer, another 2017 studyTrusted Source cautions that the supplement can increase bleeding and possibly interact with medications such as warfarin.